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Wyślij tekst przez e-mail Jak ewolucja tłumaczy hojność. Podstawowe mechanizmy, różnice indywidualne i praktyczne zastosowania
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Hojność jest formą zachowania prospołecznego, która coraz częściej pojawia się w badaniach psychologicznych. Wiele badań przytacza hojność jako zachowanie społecznie pożądane, starając się odnaleźć jej psychologiczne korelaty. Jednakże bez nadrzędnej teorii wiele z tych badań może pomijać istotne wskazówki, które spójnie ujmują hojność jako adaptację, która obecnie wzrasta lub maleje w okolicznościach podobnych do tych, które napotykaliśmy w historii ewolucyjnej. Dlatego też niniejszy artykuł skupia się na ewolucyjnym podejściu do tego zjawiska. Teoria dostosowania łącznego oraz teoria altruizmu odwzajemnionego zostały przedstawione jako dwa kluczowe wyjaśnienia prospołeczności. Następnie omówiono wyniki dotyczące środowiskowych i indywidualnych wyznaczników hojności, które wspierają przewidywania wynikające z koncepcji ewolucyjnych. Wytłumaczono, z jakich powodów, które nakreśliła historia ewolucyjna, różnice indywidualne mogą kształtować różne strategie w zakresie prospołeczności. Przedstawione są również sposoby sytuacyjnego aktywizowania hojności, a także wskazówki zarówno dla praktyków, jak i badaczy w pokrewnych dziedzinach dotyczące tego, jak hojność może być badana i wzmacniana.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/j.2024.37.4.237-255
Data publikacji: 2025-04-30 15:35:41
Data złożenia artykułu: 2024-05-10 15:24:14
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