The Relationship between Parental Practices in Online Safety, Parental Mediation Styles, Parental Involvement and Mindful Parenting
Abstract
In the era of digital society, the problem of protecting children from the negative impact of the Internet is an important area of scientific research. Effective protection of juveniles from online dangers requires specific parenting competencies. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between Parental Practices in Online Safety, Parental Mediation, Parental Involvement and Mindful Parenting. A total sample of N = 38 people was surveyed. Respondents completed the proprietary Parental Practices in Online Safety (BPRO) tool, as well as the Parental Involvement Questionnaire and the Mindfulness in Parenting Scale. Analyses showed that Mindful Parenting was associated with all Parental Mediation Styles. In contrast, Parental Involvement was found to be significantly associated only with Active Mediation. The study makes an important contribution to the knowledge of the mediating role of the parent in children’s online safety, with a particular focus on Mindful Parenting, which is a key factor in protecting against risks and supporting children’s developmental use of the Internet. The spread of mindfulness in families and the increase in awareness of the mediating role of the parent is a promising direction for cybersecurity research and prevention.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Język Polski)References
Bakiera, L. (2013a). Zaangażowane rodzicielstwo a autokreacyjny aspekt rozwoju dorosłych. Warszawa: Difin.
Bakiera, L. (2013b). Zaangażowane rodzicielstwo – problemy definicyjne, wskaźniki i pomiar. Społeczeństwo i Rodzina, 36(3), 19–34.
Bakiera, L. (2019). Wychowanie i rodzicielstwo, styl wychowania i styl rodzicielski. Analiza terminologiczna. Psychologia Wychowawcza, 58, 60–72.
Baldry, A.C., Sorrentino, A., Farrington, D.P. (2019). Cyberbullying and Cybervictimization Versus Parental Supervision, Monitoring and Control of Adolescents’ Online Activities. Children and Youth Services Review, 96, 302–307. DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.11.058.
Barlińska, J., Małecka, A., Świątkowska, J. (2018). Cyberbezpieczeństwo: charakterystyka, mechanizmy i strategie zaradcze w makro i mikro skali. Warszawa: Texter.
Barlińska, J., Plichta, P., Pyżalski, J., Szuster, A. (2018). Ich słowami–obraz pomocy w sytuacjach cyberprzemocy rówieśniczej z perspektywy uczniów. Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka, 17(4), 82–115.
Beyens, I., Keijsers, L., Coyne, S.M. (2022). Social Media, Parenting, and Well-Being. Current Opinion in Psychology, 47, 101350. DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101350.
Bracke, D., Corts, D. (2012). Parental Involvement and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Education, 133(1), 188–201.
Coatsworth, J.D., Timpe, Z., Nix, R.L., Duncan, L.G., Greenberg, M.T. (2018). Changes in Mindful Parenting: Associations with Changes in Parenting, Parent–Youth Relationship Quality, and Youth Behavior. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 9(4), 511–529. DOI: 10.1086/701148.
Chakroff, J.L., Nathanson, A.I. (2011). Parent and School Interventions. Mediation And Media Literacy. W: S. Calvert, B. Willson (Eds.), The handbook of Children, Media, and Development. Oxford: Willey Blackwell.
Chou, C., Lee, Y.H. (2017). The Moderating Effects of Internet Parenting Styles on the Relationship Between Internet Parenting Behavior, Internet Expectancy, and Internet Addiction Tendency. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 26(3), 137–146. DOI: 10.1007/s40299-017-0334-5.
Cowling, C., Van Gordon, W. (2022). Mindful Parenting: Future Directions and Challenges. International Journal of Spa and Wellness, 5(1), 50–70. DOI: 10.1080/24721735.2021.1961114.
Duncan, L.G., Bardacke, N. (2010). Mindfulness-Based Childbirth and Parenting Education: Promoting Family Mindfulness During the Perinatal Period. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19(2), 190–202. DOI: 10.1007/s10826-009-9313-7.
Duncan, L.G., Coatsworth, J.D., Greenberg, M.T. (2009). A Model Of Mindful Parenting: Implications For Parent-Child Relationships And Prevention Research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 12(3), 255–270. DOI: 10.1007/s10567-009-0046-3.
Fan, W., Williams, C.M., Wolters, C.A. (2012). Parental Involvement in Predicting School Motivation: Similar and Differential Effects Across Ethnic Groups. The Journal of Educational Research, 105(1), 21–35. DOI: 10.1080/00220671.2010.515625.
Gouveia, M.J., Carona, C., Canavarro, M.C., Moreira, H. (2016). Self-Compassion and Dispositional Mindfulness Are Associated with Parenting Styles and Parenting Stress: The Mediating Role of Mindful Parenting. Mindfulness, 7, 700–712. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-016-0507-y.
Jones, C.L. (2019). Mindfulness As A New Parenting Model to Scaffold Children Against Risks of Media Exposure. Fielding Graduate University.
Kim, Y. 2009. Minority Parental Involvement and School Barriers: Moving the Focus away from Deficiencies of Parents. Educational Research Review, 4(2), 80–102. DOI: 10.1016/j.edurev.2009.02.003.
Kirwil, L. (2009). Parental Mediation of Children’s Internet Use in Different European Countries. Journal of Children and Media, 3(4), 394–409. DOI: 10.1080/17482790903233440.
Knol-Michałowska, K. (2012). Rola rodziny w interwencji i profilaktyce zagrożeń w Internecie. Studia Edukacyjne, 23, 301–327.
Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., Ólafsson, K. (2011). Risk and safety on the internet: The perspective of European Children. Full Findings from the EU Kids Online survey of 9–16 Year Olds and Their Parents. London: EU Kids Online, LSE. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/33731/
Livingstone, S., Helsper, E.J. (2008). Parental Mediation of Children’s Internet Use. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 52(4), 581–599. DOI: 10.1080/08838150802437396.
Livingstone, S., Mascheroni, G., Dreier, M., Chaudron, S., Lagae, K. (2015). How Parents of Young Children Manage Digital Devices at Home: The Role of Income, Education and Parental Style. London: EU Kids Online, LSE.
Livingstone, S., Mascheroni, G., Staksrud, E. (2018). European Research on Children’s Internet Use: Assessing the Past and Anticipating the Future. New Media and Society, 20(3), 1103–1122. DOI: 10.1177/1461444816685930.
Livingstone, S., Ólafsson, K., Helsper, E.J., Lupiáñez-Villanueva, F., Veltri, G.A., Folkvord, F. (2017). Maximizing Opportunities and Minimizing Risks for Children Online: The Role of Digital Skills in Emerging Strategies of Parental Mediation. Journal of Communication, 67(1), 82–105. DOI: 10.1111/jcom.12277.
Livingstone, S., Stoilova, M. (2021). The 4Cs: Classifying Online Risk to Children (CO:RE Short Report Series on Key Topics). Hamburg: Leibniz-Institut für Medienforschung | Hans-Bredow-Institut (HBI); CO:RE – Children Online: Research and Evidence. DOI: 10.21241/ssoar.71817.
Nathanson, A.I., Cantor, J. (2000). Reducing the Aggression-Promoting Effect of Violent Cartoons by Increasing Children’s Fictional Involvement with the Victim: A Study of Active Mediation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44(1), 125–142. DOI: 10.1207/s15506878jobem4401_9.
Nathanson, A.I., Yang, M.S. (2003). The Effects of Mediation Content and form on Children’s Responses to Violent Television. Human Communication Research, 29(1), 111–134. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2003.tb00833.x.
Nathanson, A.I. (2015). Media and the Family: Reflections and Future Directions. Journal of Children and Media, 9(1), 133–139. DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2015.997145.
Nocentini, A., Fiorentini, G., Di Paola, L., Menesini, E. (2019). Parents, Family Characteristics And Bullying Behavior: A Systematic Review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45, 41–50. DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2018.07.010.
Ofcom (2016). Adults’ Media Use and Attitudes Report. London, England: Office of Communications.
Pyżalski, J. (2016). Od paradygmatu ryzyka do paradygmatu szans – prospołeczne i prorozwojowe używanie internetu przez dzieci i młodzież. W: M. Tanaś. (red.), Nastolatki wobec internetu (s. 55–62). Warszawa: NASK.
Pyżalski, J., Zdrodowska, A., Tomczyk, Ł., Abramczuk, K. (2019). Polskie badanie EU Kids Online 2018. Najważniejsze wyniki i wnioski. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM. DOI: 10.14746/amup.9788323234098.
Rosen, L.D., Cheever, N.A., Carrier, L.M. (2008). The Association of Parenting Style and Child Age with Parental Limit Setting and Adolescent MySpace Behavior. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 459–471. DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.005.
Siegel, D.J., Hartzell, M. (2015). Świadome rodzicielstwo: wychowaj szczęśliwe dziecko dzięki większej samoświadomości. Podkowa Leśna: Wydawnictwo MiND.
Smahel, D., Machackova, H., Mascheroni, G., Dedkova, L., Staksrud, E., Ólafsson, K., Livingstone, S. and Hasebrink, U. (2020). EU Kids Online 2020: Survey Results from 19 Countries. EU Kids Online. DOI: 10.21953/lse.47fdeqj01ofo.
Snel, E. (2015). Uważność i spokój żabki. Warszawa: CoJaNaTo.
Stoilova, M., Livingstone, S., Khazbak, R. (2021). Investigating Risks and Opportunities for Children in a Digital World: A Rapid Review of the Evidence on Children’s Internet Use and Outcomes. Innocenti Discussion Paper 2020-03. UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti, Florence.
Szuster A., Barlińska J., Plichta P., Pyżalski J., Wójcik S., Kowalewicz T. (2017). Diagnoza potrzeb w zakresie interdyscyplinarnych podstaw programu profilaktyki. Niepublikowany raport z realizacji programu IMPACT – Interdyscyplinarny Model Przeciwdziałania Agresji i Cyberprzemocy Technologicznej finansowanego ze środków NCBiR Innowacje Społeczne.
Valcke, M., Bonte, S., De Wever, B., Rots, I. (2010). Internet Parenting Styles and the Impact on Internet Use of Primary School Children. Computers and Education, 55(2), 454–464. DOI: 10.1016/j.compedu.2010.02.009.
Valkenburg, P.M., Krcmar, M., Peeters, A.L., Marseille, N.M. (1999). Developing a Scale to Assess Three Styles of Television Mediation: “Instructive Mediation”, “Restrictive Mediation”, and “Social Coviewing”. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 43(1), 52–66. DOI: 10.1080/08838159909364474.
Vandoninck, S., d’Haenens, L., Roe, K. (2013). Online Risks: Coping Strategies of Less Resilient Children and Teenagers across Europe. Journal of Children and Media, 7(1), 60–78. DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2012.739780.
Warren, R. (2001). In Words and Deeds: Parental Involvement and Mediation of Children’s Television Viewing. The Journal of Family Communication, 1(4), 211–231. DOI: 10.1207/S15327698JFC0104_01.
Wegner, E. (2015). Nieopublikowany raport z tematu DSM 1090/13/2014.
Wegner, E., Wojciechowska, L. (2016). Uważność rodzicielska oraz jej aspekty teoretyczne i aplikacyjne. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 1(21), 23–33.
Wrzesień-Gandolfo, A. (2014). Bezpieczeństwo dzieci online. Kompendium dla rodziców i profesjonalistów. Warszawa: Fundacja Dzieci Niczyje i NASK.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/j.2024.37.4.7-20
Date of publication: 2025-04-30 15:35:13
Date of submission: 2024-01-29 11:35:37
Statistics
Indicators
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jakub Błażej Kordy, Julia Olszewska, Julia Barlińska, Anna Cierpka

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.